Bermuda was formed by volcanic eruptions about 100 million years ago. The volcanic walls eventually collapsed and eroded into a seamount. An underwater limestone cap formed on top of this seamount by plants and animals 800,000 years ago and was subsequently exposed to the air with the lowering of the sea level about 100,000 years ago.

The "Walsingham Formation" is located in the area between Harrington Sound and Castle Harbour. This limestone formation eroded over the last 100,000 years, creating over 150 caves including some underwater caves. 75 species of aquatic cave-adapted critters have been identified living in the caves of Bermuda. The critter in this photograph came from a place called Germany, and arrived on Bermuda in a device called the airplane...

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Photo © 2008 by George Lin